AS

A2

Biological Membranes

The Plasma membrane - a brief introduction to the fluid mosaic model. 


Here is a short video showing how Nicolson and Singer came up with the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.
NB: for OCR you do not need to know the previous theories - it is interesting to see why they were not accepted by the scientific community though! 

A summary of the unit from our favourite crashers.



Another great video summerising the structure and function of the cell membrane. 


2.5.1
The structure of cell membranes
  1.    1.   Overview: when you draw an animal cell, every line is a membrane

  2.    2.   The roles of membranes
  3.    3.   What is the point of having all these membranes in eukaryotic cells?
  4.    4.   Development of the fluid mosaic model
  5.    5.   Structure and function of phospholipids related to structure and function of membranes
  6.    6.   Function of proteins and glycoproteins in membranes
  7.    7.   Effect of temperature on membranes
  8. Membrane-bound receptors



 2.5.2

 1. Demonstration and understanding of diffusion
2. Factors that affect the rate of diffusion
3. Examples of diffusion
4. Need for facilitated diffusion and the role of the
membrane in controlling what enters the cell
5. Surface area and volume

2.5.3
   1.   Explanation of what happens when a substance dissolves
   2.   The process of osmosis
   3.   The concept of water potential, including negative scales
   4.   Water potential problems
   5.   Osmosis in animal cells
Osmosis in plant cells

2.5.4
2.5.5

   1.   The difference between active and passive processes
   2.   The need for active transport
   3.   The mechanism of active transport
   4.   Cotransport
   5.   Endocytosis and phagocytosis
   6.   Exocytosis
   7.   Temperature and membranes
Solvents and membranes

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